NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Notes & Questions answer

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NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture

Class	10th
Chapter	04
Chapter Name	Agriculture
Board	cbse
Book	NCERT
Subject	History
Medium	English
Study Materials	Question Answer

very short answers type questions

1. Write the names of any two agricultural seasons of India.

Answer – (a) Rabi. (b) Kharif.

Name the three major Kharif crops of India. ।

Answer – Rice, Cotton, and Maize (Jowar, Bajra, Groundnut, etc.)

Name the three main rabi crops of India.

Answer – Wheat, barley, and gram.

Name the major fiber crops of India.

Answer – Cotton, flax, and jute.

Name three cash crops of India.

Answer – Sugarcane, tobacco, and rubber.

6 Which are the three drinking crops of India??

Answer – Tea, Coffee, and Cocoa.

7 Which are the three leguminous crops of India?

Answer – Arhar, gram, and peas.

8 Which are the states that produce rice in India?

North-West Bengal and then Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, and Tamil Nadu, etc.

9. Write the names of three important wheat-producing states of India.

Answer – Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh.

10 Which crop is produced in India the highest in the world?

Answer – Jowar, Bajra, and Ragi (Millets).

11 What type of soil is found in Maharashtra?

Answer – Cotton black soil or sandy soil.

12 What is the place of India in the production of tea in the world?

Answer – First.

Write the names of two tea-producing states.

Answer- (a) Assam, (b) Darjeeling (West Bengal).

14 In which state is coffee mainly grown in South India?

Answer – Coffee or Kahwa is mostly in Karnataka (Tamil Nadu and Kerala etc.).

Write the names of 15 rubber-growing regions.

Answer – Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.

16 What is the other name of black cotton soil?

Answer – Sand soil.

17 Which state produces the most sugarcane in India?

Answer – Uttar Pradesh.

18 Write the name of the state which started the Green Revolution in India.

Answer – Punjab.

19 Write the name of the state where cotton is the main crop.

Answer – Gujarat.

Write the names of three spice-producing states in India.

Answer – Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

Write the names of four tobacco-producing states in India.

Answer – Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, and Gujarat.

Name the two major jute-producing states of India.

North-West Bengal and Assam.

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Name the two leading sugarcane-producing states of India.

Answer – Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra.

24 What is intensive agriculture?

Answer- That farming in which capital and labor are invested in large quantities per unit of land for higher production.

25 What is the slash-and-burn system called in the northeastern states of India?

Answer – Jhoom

26 By what names is the slash-and-burn system agriculture known in the following regions of India- South Eastern States, Chhattisgarh, Andaman and Nicobar, Jharkhand, Manipur.

North-South Eastern States – Walre.

Chhattisgarh, Andaman Nicobar- Deepa.

Jharkhand – Kurua.

Manipur- palam.

27. Into which two categories are the consumers divided?

Answer- (a) Below Poverty Line (BPL). (b) Above Poverty Line (APL).

28 Which scheme has been launched by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers?

Answer- (a) Kisan Credit Card,

(b) Personal accident insurance plan.

Short answer Type questions

1. What is plantation agriculture?

Ans: A crop agriculture done on a large scale in which production and capital investment are similar to factories and modern science and technology are used in the processing of raw materials in agriculture and marketing of finished goods is called plantation agriculture. The crops covered under plantation agriculture are rubber, tea, coffee, sugarcane, cocoa, banana, coconut, spices, etc.

2. What is subsistence agriculture?

– The agriculture in which all the products produced are consumed in the same area where it is produced, that is, the farmer is able to grow crops only for his local consumption, it is called subsistence agriculture. Generally, only food crops are grown in subsistence agriculture. The purpose of export is not inherent in subsistence farming.

3. What is the importance of agriculture in the Indian economy?

Importance of agriculture in the Indian economy

(a) More than half of the population of India is dependent on agriculture. About 70% of India’s population is engaged in agriculture.

(b) One-third of India’s national income comes from agriculture.

Name the three agricultural seasons of India along with the crops grown in those seasons.

Answer – Three agricultural seasons of India-

(a) Rabi-wheat, peas, gram, and mustard.

(b) Kharif – Rice, Maize, Jowar, Bajra, Tur, Moong, Urad, Cotton, Jute, Groundnut, and Soybean

5) What is ‘Cutting Combustion System’ (Shifted) Agriculture?

Answer – Farmers clean a piece of land and grow food grains and other food crops on it for the sustenance of their families. When the fertility of the soil becomes low, farmers move from that piece of land and clear another piece of land for agriculture.

What is meant by coarse grains?

Answer – Millet refers to crops grown on hilly, stony, or less fertile land, in which some are food grains and some are fodder crops. Jowar, Bajra, Ragi (Madua), and Maize are counted among coarse grains.

7 What is the primary objective of food security policy?

Ans- The primary objective of the food security policy is to ensure the availability of food grains at prices affordable to the common people. This has enabled the poor to get food. The focus of this policy is to fix support prices for higher procurement of rice and wheat to increase agricultural production and maintain stocks.

Name one beverage crop and describe the favorable geographical conditions for its cultivation. do

Or, describe the geographical conditions suitable for tea cultivation and name its four major producing states.

Answer- Tea is a beverage crop, the favorable geographical conditions for growing it are as follows-

(a) The sloping land with laterite soil is best for its cultivation.
(b) It requires skilled and cheap labor.
(c) It requires a temperature of 20°C to 30°C.
(d) Annual rainfall of 150 cm to 200 cm is suitable for this.
Four major producing states of tea-
(a) Assam (b) W. Bengal, (c) Tamil Nadu, (d) Kerala.

9. Describe the favorable geographical conditions for growing coffee.

Answer- Coffee is a beverage crop, the favorable geographical conditions for growing it are as follows-

(a) Coffee requires fertile laterite land, 150 to 200 cm rainfall and 150 to 28°C temperature, and cheap labor.

(b) The main coffee-producing states are Kerala, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu, etc.

Name two food crops of India and give details of the regions where it is grown. OR Describe the suitable geographical conditions for the cultivation of rice.

Answer – There are two main food crops of India – rice and wheat.

Geographical conditions are suitable for rice cultivation-

(a) Hot and humid climate is very favorable for rice.
(b) For this, the average annual rainfall should be more than 100 cm and the temperature should be more than 24°C. Is.
(c) Loamy fertile soil in which water can be stored for a long time is very useful for this crop. The land should be flat. Alluvial soil found in river valleys and delta regions is ideal for rice.
(d) That’s why rice grows mostly in the areas of West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and Haryana.

wheat-

(a) A cool and moist climate is favorable for wheat at the time of sowing but the weather should be dry and hot at the time of ripening.
(b) The average rainfall for wheat should be between 75 to 100 cm. A good crop can be obtained if there is light rain in winter or the availability of irrigation facilities.
(c) Loamy soil is very suitable for this. Wheat is mostly grown in the regions of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, etc.

11 List the institutional reform programs undertaken by the government in the interest of farmers.

Ans- (a) Many institutional reforms were implemented by the government for the farmers. Programs like Green Revolution, and Operation Flood.
(b) Consolidation of small holdings
(c) Giving information about new technical facilities to the farmers through radio and television.
(d) Formation of crop insurance, rural bank scheme, and small-scale co-operative societies.
(e) Declaration of minimum fixed prices of crops.

12 Describe the impact of globalization on Indian agriculture.

Answer- The impact of globalization on Indian agriculture-

(a) Along with subsistence agriculture, commercial agriculture has developed rapidly in India. Today the Indian farmer lays stress on the production of the same crop. So that he can get maximum profit.
(b) Modern agricultural machines and new techniques are being used to increase agricultural production. Due to this, the production of crops has increased significantly.
(c) Globalization has increased the export of many agricultural products in India.
(d) The quality of agricultural products has increased due to the use of good seeds. Therefore, the farmer has started getting more value for his production than ever before.

13 Write four characteristics of Indian agriculture.

The following are the four characteristics of North Indian agriculture:

(a) There is an excess of food items in production.

(b) Animals play a major role in agriculture.

14. Write four reasons for the backwardness of Indian agriculture.

Answer — (a) More dependence on nature – Indian agriculture mainly depends on monsoons. Heavy rains cause floods and fewer spots of rain cause famine.

(b) Old technology and economic pressure on land- Our farmers still use old equipment. They are very poor and cannot buy technology and equipment. Second, 67 percent of our country’s population depends directly or indirectly on agriculture.

(c) Smallholdings- Due to the division of land from generation to generation, the fragmentation of the fields and the size of the holdings became smaller. Which caused financial loss.

(d) Inadequate credit and marketing facilities – Agriculture at the commercial level requires a large amount of capital, which is available in India. There is also the problem of storage. There are also sales issues. Farmers are also exploited by private traders.

15. Describe the main features of subsistence agriculture.

Ans: Main features of self-sustaining agriculture-

(a) The size of the land is very small in subsistence agriculture.

(b) The method of subsistence agriculture is traditional, that is, a plow and other old tools are used in it.

(d) Modern fertilizers and pesticides are not used in subsistence agriculture.

(e) It lacks an advanced irrigation system and farmers depend on monsoon for irrigation. The level of productivity in subsistence agriculture is very low.

16 Describe the geographical conditions suitable for the cultivation of cotton and name its major producing states.

Answer- The following are the geographical conditions for the cultivation of cotton-

(a) Fertile alluvial soil or black soil, black soil does not require irrigation and is fertile.

(b) Hot or temperate climate, in which summer temperature is 25°C and 50 cm to 100 cm rainfall, irrigation facility is available in absence of rain. Open weather is necessary at the time of crop preparation.

(C) Availability of cheap and skilled labor (for breaking the cotton bales and extracting cotton from them.) Major cotton-producing states in India – Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, and Haryana Major cotton producers of India There are states.

17. Describe the suitable geographical conditions for the cultivation of sugarcane.

Years: Name the major sugarcane-producing states. The following conditions are considered necessary for the production of sugarcane-

Answer- (a) Climatic conditions-

(i) Temperature- A temperature of 25°C to 35°C is considered ideal for its good yield.

(ii) Rainfall – It requires rainwater between 100 cm to 150 cm. In areas of low rainfall, it is necessary to do agriculture by irrigation.

(b) Soil- Deep fertile smooth or loamy soil is considered good for its agriculture. Black lava soil in the southern part is also good for its production.

The major sugarcane-producing states in India are Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Haryana.

Major producing countries of sugarcane are India, Cuba, Brazil, Mexico, Pakistan, China, Indonesia, Thailand, and Australia.

18. Describe the geographical conditions necessary for the cultivation of cereals and millets. Write the names of their major producing states.

Answer – India is the main producer of rabi crops. Here all geographical conditions are available for the cultivation of wheat and coarse grains. This is the reason that India is among the exporting countries of the world in the production of coarse and wheat.

Major geographical conditions-

Climate- Warm monsoon, temperature 15°C at the time of sowing, 20°C at the time of harvesting, rain-no frost, no strong storm, 75 cm or adequate irrigation system. Soil Fertile loamy soil.

Major producing states – Most producing states – are Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Bihar.

19 What is the meaning of the Green Revolution? What is its main feature?

Answer – ‘Green Revolution’ means a huge increase in the area of crops but it is mainly suitable for food crops.

Its main feature is that the production of food grains has increased a lot due to the Green Revolution. The per capita income of the people of India has increased. The subsistence agriculture here has taken the form of commercial agriculture. Agriculture has been mechanized. There has also been development in the means of irrigation. High-yielding seeds started being used and the use of fertilizers increased.

20 Give details of geographical conditions and distribution for tobacco production.

Answer- Geographical condition required for tobacco production-

(a) Since tobacco is a tropical and sub-tropical plant, it is grown at a range of temperatures from 16 to 35 °C,

(b) Irrigation is necessary for areas with 100 cm rainfall, (c) Irrigation is required in areas with low rainfall,

(d) Frost is injurious to this crop. Producing Area- Andhra Pradesh, • Gujarat, Karnataka, Odisha, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra /

Explain the difference between Rabi and Kharif crops.

Answer- Difference between Rabi and Kharif crops-

Rabi crops	Kharif crops
(a) This cropping season starts from the beginning of winter and continues till the onset of summer.	(a) This cropping season begins with the onset of monsoon and continues till the onset of winter.
(b) The time of this season lasts from October-November to March-April.	(b) The time of this season runs from June-July to October-November.
(c) Wheat, barley, gram, and oilseeds in this season. For example, linseed, rapeseed, mustard, etc. are produced.	(c) The major agricultural crops produced in this season are rice, maize, jawar, bajra, cotton, groundnut, moong, urad, etc.

Explain the difference between the cultivation of tea and coffee.

Answer- Difference between tea and coffee cultivation-

Tea	kahwa
(a) Tea is not an equatorial plant.	(a) Coffee is an equatorial plant.
(b) The time for picking tea leaves lasts from April to October.	(b) Coffee crop is harvested in December-January.
(c) For this, sloping land, light, and fertile soil which has the power to absorb water and contains potash, iron, and organic matter are considered best.	(c) The land obtained by clearing forests remains suitable for this. Apart from this, loam and black soil are also suitable for their production.

23 Explain the difference between dry farming and dry farming.

Answer- Difference between dry farming and wet farming-

Dry farming	wet agriculture
(a) Dry farming is done in areas of low rainfall.	(a) Wet farming is done in regions with high rainfall.
(b) Arid agriculture requires less than 70 cm of rainfall.	(b) Eye agriculture requires more than 100 cm of rainfall.
(c) In dry farming, crops like jowar, bajra, pulses etc. are grown.	(c) In wet farming, crops like rice, sugarcane, vegetables, etc. are grown.

Explain the difference between fiber crops and cash crops.

Answer – Fibrous crops – The crops by which farmers get fibers by rotting their stalks in water bodies, are called fibrous crops. Economic benefits can be availed by selling their fiber. The crops that come under this are- cotton, jute, etc.

Cash Crops: Cash crops are mainly grown to earn economic benefits. Farmers mainly grow cash crops like tea, coffee, etc.

Long Answer Type Questions

1. Day by day the land under agriculture is decreasing can you imagine the consequences?

Ans- (a) It is a well-known fact that day by day the land under agriculture is decreasing while the population is increasing continuously.

(b) It will result in a severe shortage of food grains and small farmers will become landless laborers. This will increase the burden on the cities.

(c) There will be a scarcity of fodder for the animals. A serious problem will arise in front of agro-based industries as they will not be able to get raw materials.

(d) Agriculture still provides most of the employment in India. The problem of unemployment can take a critical form due to the continuous reduction of land under agriculture.

(e) Shrinkage of cultivable land can have a bad effect on the development of industries, especially industries dependent on agricultural products.

(f) The adverse impact of this reduction in cultivable land on business as well. May have to Suggest the measures taken by the government to ensure an increase in agricultural production. Many improvements can be brought in Indian agriculture to provide sufficient food to the rapidly growing population. Especially the central and state governments can and are doing important work in this direction. These improvements are as follows

(a) Abolition of the Zamindari system- Zamindari system was a big curse for the farmers, so the government has abolished this corrupt landlord system. As a result, landless cultivators have been given ownership rights of the land. In order to ensure a just and equitable distribution of land, the maximum limit of holding that a tenant can hold is also fixed.

(b) Consolidation of farms- Earlier, most of the farmers had small and scattered farms. The holding of such land often proved economically unprofitable. That’s why the government consolidated such small and scattered farms with a lot of thought and saved the farmers from many unnecessary troubles.

(c) Construction of Major Irrigation Projects Several major and minor irrigation projects have been started to provide adequate irrigation facilities to the farmers.

(d) Encouragement to the use of manure and fertilizers Government has opened many factories for the manufacture of manure and fertilizers so that the yield power of the land can be increased.

(e) Development of new high-yielding seeds In order to increase production, the government has released several high-yielding varieties of seeds. These include wheat seeds in particular, which have greatly increased the yield of these crops.

(f) Prevention of pests, diseases of crops, and locust parties Earlier, a large part of the crops used to be destroyed by insects, locust parties, and many types of diseases. But now the government has started many important schemes so that plants can be protected from insects, pests, and locusts.

Class 10 Geography Solutions | Class 10 Geography

Chapter 1 Resource and Development

Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources (Extra Questions for Forest and Wildlife Resources)

Chapter 3 Water Resources (Extra Questions for Water Resources)

Chapter 4 Agriculture (Extra Questions for Agriculture)

Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources (Extra Questions for Minerals and Energy Resources)

Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries (Extra Questions for Manufacturing Industries)

Chapter 7 Lifelines of the National Economy

FAQs

Q. By what names is the slash-and-burn system agriculture known in the following regions of India- South Eastern States, Chhattisgarh, Andaman and Nicobar, Jharkhand, and Manipur?

North-South Eastern State- Walre.
Chhattisgarh, Andaman, and Nicobar- Deepa.
Jharkhand- Kuruva.
Manipur- palam.

Q. Which scheme has been started by the Government of India for the benefit of the farmers?

Answer – (a) Kisan Credit Card,
(b) Personal Accident Insurance Scheme.