Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics

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Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics

Class	10th
Chapter	02
Chapter Name	Federalism
Board	cbse
Book	NCERT
Subject	Civics / sst
Medium	English
Study Materials	VVI QUESTION

Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics

very Short answers type question

1 What is federalism?

Answer- Federalism is such a system of government in which government powers are divided between a central authority and its various units.

2 Is there a federal government or a unitary government in India?

Answer – India is a mixture of federal and unitary governments. It is federal in appearance, but in reality, it is unitary.

3. Name some countries which have unitary governments.

Ans- England, France, Italy, China, Japan, North Korea, and Sri Lanka are unitary. Write the names of some countries which have unitary governments. There are types of governments.

5. Write the names of some countries where federal governments are in place.

USA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, Austria and India, etc.

What is the representation of women in the state assemblies?

Answer- Less than 5 percent.

6. How many levels of governance are there in the Indian Union?

Answer – In the beginning, a two-tier system of governance was provided by the Indian Constitution, the Union Government, and the State Government. Later, a third tier in the form of panchayats and municipalities was added to the Indian federal structure. All three levels of governance have their own separate jurisdictions.

7 How is the power divided between the Union or the Center and the States in India?

Answer – The distribution of legislative powers in the Central and State Governments has been done in four parts or lists which are as follows-

(a) the Union or Central List,

(b) the State List,

(d) residuary powers.

8 What is meant by the Union List, which subjects are included in it?

Answer- The list in which the subjects under the jurisdiction of the federal or central government are given is called the union list. In this list, there are about 97 subjects, some of which are important – defense, foreign affairs, currency, communication, banking, etc., which are issues of national importance.

9. What is meant by State List? What subjects are included in this?

Answer- There are 66 such subjects included in the state list which are of provincial and local importance. The main subjects of these are agriculture, irrigation, trade, commerce and police etc. Only state governments can make laws on these subjects.

10. What is meant by a Concurrent List? Which subjects are included in this?

Answer- Concurrent list has given such subjects which are related to both the central and state governments. The count of these subjects is about 47, the main of which are civil and criminal law, marriage and divorce, succession, education, forest, electricity, labor organization, etc. The governments of both states can make laws on these subjects, but at the time of marriage, only the law made by the center will be valid.

11 What are the residual powers?

Answer – There are 97 subjects in the Union List, 66 in the State List, and 47 in the Concurrent List. But still, there may be some subjects that could not be included in these lists, only the central government has been given the right to make laws by the constitution on such residual or remaining subjects.

12 What is decentralization?

Answer- Decentralization is such a system according to which the decision-making authority is further divided into smaller units. Power sharing in India is divided into three levels – Central level, State level, and Local level.

13 Who is called the mayor?

Answer- Panchayats take care of local subjects in villages, and that work is done by municipalities and municipal corporations in cities. For small towns, there are municipalities while for big cities, there is a system of municipal corporations. The political head of a municipal corporation is called the mayor or mayor.

14. What do you understand by coalition government?

Answer- A government formed by more than one political party together is called a coalition government. Usually, the parties involved in a coalition form a political alliance and accept a common program.

15. Name one big country in which federalism is not established.

Answer – China where the unitary system of communism exists on the basis of rules.

16 Which countries of the world are formed on the method of coming together to form a federation?

Answer – United States, Switzerland, and Australia, etc.

17 Which union states of the world are based on the system of taking everyone along? Organized.

India, Belgium, Spain, etc. are associated with federalism according to the method of taking everyone along. In such a system of federalism, the central government is more powerful.

18 Have special rights been given to any state in India?

Some Jammu and Kashmir and North Eastern hill states of India

19. Write the name of three new states which were formed recently (2000 AD).

Uttaranchal (Uttarakhand), Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh are three new states that were established recently in 2000 AD.

20 How many languages are spoken in India?

About 1500 languages are spoken in a vast country like North India. Hindi has been given the status of the state language.

Notes of Power Sharing Class 10

Class 10th VVI Notes

class 10th Notes	MCQ
History	Political Science
English	Hindi
HOME	CLASS 10

Short answer type questions

Mention one feature similar to Belgium and one different from it in the federal system of India.

A feature similar to Belgium in the federal system of India – the way of formation is the same in the federal system of both India and Belgium, that is, there is a federal government to take everyone along, where the central government is more powerful than the states. The federal government of India has a feature different from that of Belgium – there is no community government at the third level in India which protects different castes, and cultural, educational, and linguistic interests.

2 What are the main features of unitary government? ,

Ans: Unitary Government – Main features of unitary government (as in England). Is-

(a) In a unitary government, the central government is much more powerful than the state governments. The Center is given more powers than the states.

(b) In a unitary government, the funds with the central government are those of the state governments.It is more than expected. That’s why the importance of the center increases more than that of the states.

(d) to such Government or unitary Government in the matters enumerated in the Concurrent ListExcellence is also attained. If any of the matters mentioned in this list the central government and the state government pass the law, then the central law passed by the government will be valid.

(e) The rest of the powers are with the center only in a unitary government.

3. What are the main differences between federal and unitary forms of government? Explain through examples.

Answer- Difference between federal and unitary forms of governance-governing government

(A) A written constitution is necessary for a federal government.

(b) There is a division of power between the center and the states. like India

((d) The constitution is often rigid. The central government cannot make changes at will.

(E) There is often dual citizenship in a federal government. of a state in which the person lives.

(a) It is not necessary for a unitary government to have a written constitution.

(b) the entire power of the central government. Passes. She runs the rule of the whole country. Like- England, France, and Sri Lanka.

(d) Constitution is generally flexible. The central government can make changes at its own will.

(e) There is a single citizenry in a unitary government. Wherever a person lives, he gets citizenship of the country.

4 What are the main features of the federal government?

Answer- Federal Government- The following are the main features of the federal government (as in India and America)-

(a) the division of powers in the federal government clearly between the center and the states happens. Each one is independent in his own field.

(b) In this type of government, the constitution is written and rigid, which was not that easy to change. To change it, the support of a certain number of states is also necessary.

(c) In this type of government, the judiciary is completely independent so that it settles disputes between the center and the states without any could do with

(d) In this type of government, like the United States of America (USA), the rest of the powers go to the states.

5. Mention the important differences between local governments before and after the 1992 constitutional amendment.

Answer – The 73rd Constitutional Amendment of 1992 made many important changes in the field of local government.

(a) Before 1992, elections to the local self-governing bodies were not regular, but after the constitutional amendment of 1992, it became a constitutional obligation to conduct elections regularly.

(b) Before the amendment of 1992, seats were not reserved for the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Backward Classes in the posts of members and office bearers of the elected self-governing bodies, but after the 1992 reforms, seats were reserved for these castes.

(d) first to hold elections to the panchayats and municipalities of the state where there was no institution for this, now the State Election Commission has been constituted that it can conduct elections to these local bodies independently.

6. Indian democratic polity after 1992 constitutional amendmentMention

Answer- Indian democratic governance after the amendment of the 1992 constitution-

(a) Now it is a constitutional obligation to conduct elections to the local self-governing bodies regularly.

(b) Seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Backward Castes in the posts of members and office bearers of elected self-governing bodies.

(d) State elections for holding panchayat and municipal elections in every stateAn independent body called the Commission has been constituted.

(e) The state governments have to give some part of their revenue and rights to these local self-governing bodies. The nature of power-sharing varies from state to state.

7. In how many ways are federal government systems usually formed? Explain by giving examples.

Answer- Federal governance systems are generally formed in two ways-

(a) To form a larger unit by bringing together two or more independent nations. In this both the independent nations share their sovereignty, they also maintain separate identities and choose ways to enhance their security and well-being. Examples of coming together to form a federation are the United States, Switzerland, and Australia. In this type of federal system, the provinces usually have equal rights and are more powerful than the center.

(b) Formation of states by a large country keeping in view its internal diversity and then dividing the power between the state and the national government. India, Belgium, and Spain are examples of this. In this second-tier system, the central government is more powerful than the states. Often, in this system, different states are given equal rights, but in special situations, special rights are also given to some provinces.

8. Describe the federal system of India. Or. Briefly describe the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. Or, Into how many parts are the legislative powers divided between the Central and the State Governments? Explain.

Answer – India’s governance system is federal. India is declared a union of states in the constitution. Under the federal system, there are two levels of governance – the Center and the States. Recently, the third level – Panchayati Raj and Municipality has been added to this system.

Under the federal system in India, legislative powers have been decentralized at different levels of governance. The division of legislative powers between the Central Government and the State Governments has been done under the following three lists-

(a) Union List – In this list, subjects of national importance come, on which only the Central Government has the right to make laws. These include defense, foreign affairs, banking, etc.

(b) State List This list includes such subjectsThe State Government is responsible for this. to legislate on these subjects only the state government has the right.

(c) Concurrent List- Under this, education, forest, labor, and family law have been included. Center empowered to make laws on these subjects. and the State Government both.

Long answer type questions

1 What is decentralization? Why is it needed? Tell its benefits.

Answer- When powers were taken from the central and state governments and given to the local governments so, it is called decentralization of power. There are many reasons why decentralization is needed, the main ones are as follows-

(a) Many states in India like Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, etc. are so large in size that the state government cannot give full attention to its different units. so their management is perfectCan’t happen Decentralization solves this issue.

(b) Many linguistic people live in some states, people of many castes live, and people of many religions live, whose aspirations are not in the power of the state governments to fulfill. decentralization of power Resolving differences becomes easier.

(c) Local institutions formed as a result of decentralization can prove to be very helpful in development work because only the local people of a particular place can understand the needs and problems of their area very well and they can also find solutions to those problems. Therefore, when the cooperation of the local people is received, various local works are easily completed. This cooperation of the local people can be obtained only through local institutions.

Benefits of decentralization-

(a) solving local problems effectively,

(b) fulfillment of democratic ideals,

(d) People’s participation in governance at the local level

3. Mention the important features of the federal system.

Answer- Important feature of the federal system-

(a) Here the government is of two or more levels.

(b) Different levels of government govern the same group of citizens. But they have their own jurisdiction to make laws, collect taxes and administer.

(c) the jurisdiction of the various levels of government is clearly spelled out in the constitution described in the Constitution, so the existence and provides guarantees and security of authority.

(d) The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be changed by any one level of government alone. Such changes can happen only with the consent of both levels of government.

(e) The courts have the right to interpret the Constitution and the rights of different levels of government. In case of a dispute of rights between different levels of government, the Supreme Court plays the role of arbitrator.

(f) for different levels of government to ensure financial autonomyDifferent sources of revenue are prescribed.

(g) Thus the federal system has dual objectives – to safeguard and promote the unity of the country and at the same time to give full respect to regional diversities. For this reason, two things are most important for the formation and functioning of the federal system. Power-sharing rules between different levels of government should be agreed upon and

There should be trust in each other that they will respect their respective jurisdictions. In an ideal federal system, these two sides are there – mutual trust and agreement to live together.

3. Discuss the features of the federal government system of India.

Or, Mention the salient features of Indian federalism. Main features of North-Indian federalism-

(a) No state of the Indian Union has the right to secede from the Union.

(b) There is a lack of equality in state representation in the Indian Union.

(d) The Indian Union is not the result of any contract or agreement between the Center and the States but has been formed in a particular historical context.

(e) The consent of the state is not necessary for the change in the boundaries of the state by the Parliament.

(f) The division of powers is in favor of the Central Government. (g) There is only one system of courts in the Indian Union. countries only there is a court.

(h) there is no division of civil services in the Indian Union, namely civil servants in their work follow the laws of both the state and the central level. Let’s follow

4. Throw light on the Centre-State relations in India after 1990.

Ans- (a) Regional parties emerged in many states of the country after 1990. This is the beginning of the coalition government at the Center for the 4th round.

(b) No single party got a clear majority in the Lok Sabha, therefore the major national parties were forced to form a coalition of several parties including regional parties.A government had to be formed.

(d) This trend was also strengthened by a major decision of the Supreme Court. As a result, it became difficult for the central government to arbitrarily dissolve the state government.

Faqs

1. Along with Hindi, how many languages have been given the status of scheduled language?

Apart from Hindi, 21 languages other than Hindi have been given the status of inappropriate language by the Indian Constitution. Thus the total number of scheduled languages is 22.

2 What percentage of people of India have declared Hindi as their mother tongue?

Answer – About 40% of people in India have declared Hindi as their mother tongue, which is why it has been declared the most important official language.

3. What do you understand by decentralization of power?

Answer- When powers are taken from the central and state governments and given to the local governments, it is called decentralization of power.

Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics

Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics

Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics

Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics

Federalism Class 10 Notes Chapter 2 Social Science Civics Democratic Politics

very Short answers type question

Short answer type questions

Long answer type questions

Faqs

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